Danganronpa: The Animation Anime Fandub

Need someone who can edit the VA's audio on the episodes to match the lip flaps. Also need someone who can mess around with audio/music/etc. if need be as well as clean up the VA's audio and make it sound as good as possible. Please show examples below!

Need a script writer! As script writer, you will watch every episode (english dub version of it), and write it word-for-word based on what they are saying! You will also need to write in certain sighs/gasps/etc. that certain, or all, characters do. Please send some examples of scripts written before or a small script based off a scene of an anime that you can do or have done before!

Monokuma is often described as easygoing and cheerful at first glance, but with a very sinister undertone. However, he always rather quickly reveals his evil nature by describing killing games and his desire for despair, and he is very well known for his habit to say and do whatever he wants to. He loves hysteria, violence, and chaos, summarized in one of his catchphrases "thrills, chills, kills!". He also has his own signature laughs, a sadistic "puhuhu" and a mocking "ah-hahahaha". In many ways, Monokuma represents duality both in design and personality, with his white good side and black evil side. He can sometimes act polite or cute and innocent, even patronizing, and during rare moments he even seems to give genuine positive and wise advice. However, he is mostly known for his malicious and cruel side, possessing a twisted sense of humor and a tendency to torment others and do anything for the sake of despair. He can switch between these traits at the drop of a hat, making him unpredictable for his students to deal with. He usually gets excited about the Class Trials and does everything he can in order to make them entertaining for himself.

Monokuma enjoys the suffering of others, which makes him madly excited. And in turn, he gets bored and disappointed if the situation doesn't have as much despair as he hoped. Occasionally, he is so bummed out by the lack of despair that he seems to lose some of his energy and withdraws to make new plans. It's been shown that he can also get hypocritical about his ideology of despair, as he is very much willing to lie and cheat if he gets desperate enough. Still, even he seems to have some standards, as some people are so vile that they disgust even Monokuma. He is immature and childish, often acting sarcastic and mocking towards the students, and occasionally dramatically pretending to be offended when rightfully accused. In general, he cracks a lot of jokes (especially bear puns) and breaks the fourth wall often. He doesn't seem to take the students' situation seriously, though he claims that despair is a very serious matter to him. He seizes every opportunity to belittle the students, dodging the blame and claiming that they are the ones responsible for everything bad that happens in the school. He also tends to ignore the students or act like he doesn't understand what they're talking about whenever they expose him with correct evidence.

Monokuma can be quite impatient and might attack people with his claws, his self-destruct function, threats of execution, or any other means if he is annoyed or threatened enough. However, most of the time he holds himself back, under the claim that he cannot hurt his "beloved students". In the case of the students, Monokuma generally dislikes those who don't obey him or have such optimism or intelligence that they are harder for him to manipulate, and he tends to describe these people as "annoying". He is also very arrogant and tends to treat others in a rude manner. Fitting his arrogance, he has multiple fake stories about his past, many of them nonsensical and with silly, dark or even thoughtful message in the end. Strangely, he seems to take great pride in his supposed role as the headmaster, demanding respect for the rules and getting angry if he is called a teddy bear instead of headmaster. Notably, he seems to be strongly against any shameful acts that could taint his respectful school, yet he himself often incorrectly accuses the students of having dirty motives and goes into way too much detail about his suspicions. Even though he acts like he is above all that, he can aim perverted comments at his students, boys and girls alike.

If you could sound similar to his English VA, Greg Ayres, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Makoto proclaims himself to be a very ordinary person, to the point that he seems a bit insecure about it. He does admit to having one distinguishing feature, that being his unique sense of optimism. He is very kind, supportive and forgiving, though slightly naive at times. He is friendly, polite and a lot more down-to-earth compared to the other students. These qualities could be the reason he seems to successfully approach and befriend even his most antisocial classmates. He is a bit jumpy at times and can be somewhat of a pushover. Despite these meeker qualities, he is capable of being a very determined and charismatic speaker.

Makoto is a firm believer in hope, having a positive attitude about the future no matter how bad the situation is in the present. He is also a pacifist, as he tends to believe that violence isn't the answer. While he dislikes despair, believing it to be a corrupting and negative emotion which cannot benefit the world, he is very forgiving toward those who have fallen to despair, believing them to be victims despair and not evil at all. He is respected by many people as the Ultimate Hope, though he himself is very humble and even a bit embarrassed in regards to the title. It's mentioned that he has incredible strength inside, despite often appearing weaker on the outside. During hard times, he is shown to have the power to provide hope for other people and ultimately affect their way of thinking, though this is not always the case as some people refuse to listen to him or simply do not accept his ideals.

If you could sound similar to his English VA, Bryce Papenbrook, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Aoi is a warm, cheerful, upbeat, and outgoing girl who is friendly and welcoming towards everyone she meets, trying to make friends with everybody and include them in her activities. She can be quite air-headed and forgetful, relying on the memory trick of writing peoples' names three times on her hand in order to remember them. Due to being quite air-headed, she can be easily manipulated by others and jump to conclusions or take them at face value, often being one of the few to fall for killers' tricks and misdirection during Class Trials. She is an extremely athletic person and considers it an absolutely fundamental part of herself, using it as an important coping mechanism in her daily life and feeling like she "might die" if she can't exercise. Although Aoi is a star athlete in the running to become an Olympic swimmer, Aoi is insecure that being athletic, which is seen as quite a masculine activity, makes her undesirable to others and might lead to her never finding love. She's also concerned that her extreme sweet tooth, particularly her love of eating donuts, is going to make her fat.

Aoi's positive attitude is truly challenged by the events of the Killing Game, and it fundamentally changes her outlook on the world and her relationships. She is extremely loyal to her friends to such a degree that when they are harmed it shatters her ability to emotionally cope. She very nearly falls into despair during the events of the Killing School Life, as the emotional snowball of the continuous deaths compounded her sadness exponentially, crying alone in her room in the evenings and frequently comfort eating. She very quickly gravitates towards Sakura as a fellow athlete, and the two formed a very strong bond, spending the majority of their free time together and becoming very protective towards each other. She also became extremely close to Makoto Naegi

If you could sound similar to her English VA, Felecia Angelle, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Byakuya is a cold and self-centered person who is very reserved. He is not interested in co-operating with others due to his own sense of self-superiority, and his opinion that others are, on the whole, lesser than him. This sense of superiority and black-and-white worldview comes as a result of his upbringing. Because Byakuya was raised in such a highly competitive environment of "haves" and "have-nots", he thinks all people only think about themselves and he dismisses emotional ties as petty and unimportant. Due to his lack of emotional ties with the other students, Byakuya was able to emotionally distance himself from the horrors of the Killing School Life, and thus proved to be one of the most competent and insightful investigators in the group due to his high level of intelligence. His compulsive competitiveness caused him to treat the Killing School Life as simply a game, and one he fully intended to win. However, Byakuya's emotional detachment and lack of empathy towards the others sometimes made it very difficult for him to understand the reasoning for why people would behave altruistically or based on pure emotion.

 He eventually became not just a serious character but often a butt-monkey, as he can sometimes appear comical due to how serious and dramatic he can be with his words and belief in his own superiority and how it frustrates the other students. Due to his unusual upbringing, it's been shown that he has a bit poor knowledge on certain things that are considered common knowledge. Despite still maintaining his cold and dismissive demeanor towards others, the Killing School Life did appear to alter his worldview and make him more respectful and co-operative with others, though still denies that they are his friends.

If you could sound similar to his English VA, Jessie James Grelle, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

As an experienced gambler, Celestia appears collected, cold, and cunning by nature. She possesses the ability to manipulate others to do her bidding and can lie with a straight face. She is shown to be fairly intelligent. She is a very ambitious person, as she declared that she will do anything it takes to win. She is extremely selfish and values her life over the lives of others, stating she has no problem sacrificing others in order to save herself. She also has a lot of pride, refusing to surrender no matter how far into a corner she's pushed, as long as the chance for victory remains. However, when confronted with complete defeat, Celestia preferred to surrender gracefully over dragging out the inevitable. She believes in adaptability to be the key to survival, rather than strength or intellect.

Celestia is shown to be relatively materialistic, with her life's dream being living a life of luxury and decadence in a European castle. Her mannerisms are strict, refined and her spoiled nature emphasizes this due to her aspiring to be like European royalty. She even has a habit of ranking men between Rank A and Rank F, supposedly to test who is worthy of being one of her servants. She despises her real self as she dislikes ordinary and common things and considers her real identity and name to be one of "a loser". Celestia speaks softly and smiles often in order to imitate Victorian mannerisms and etiquette as a lady. She usually uses polite language whenever she talks to the others, but her short-temperedness surfaces when something fails to go as well as she expects it to.

As the Queen of Liars, Celestia claimed that she can even fool her own emotions, but this doesn't seem to be entirely the case. She appears to lack empathy and claims that she feels no guilt for the nefarious acts she committed in the gambling underworld, although like most things regarding her, the truth of this is in question. She has a habit of deceiving her own emotions and so even in defeat always keeps a constant poise.

If you could sound similar to her English VA, Lindsay Seidel, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Hifumi has a verbose manner of speaking, often going on long-winded tangents about his interests such as anime or fanfiction. He also has a tendency to casually make creepy or perverted comments in the middle of conversations, especially about or to women. He can also be oblivious to how others perceive him. However, he also displays some intelligence. He also has late reactions to shocking events. He is extremely passionate about anime and fanfiction and has little tolerance for anyone less dedicated to them than himself, calling them "slackers". His dream is to create a story so powerful it'll inspire others to create their own stories as well. He refers to others in a very formal manner, calling them "Ms." or "Mr." Last Name.

Although having a somewhat misanthropic look on society, Hifumi will not stand for indecent crimes against those he holds in deep regard. Hifumi seems to have an addiction to Diet Coke, and can get to the point of hallucinations if he goes too long without having it, sometimes becoming violent.

If you could sound similar to his English VA, Tyson Rinehart, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

As a young fashionista, Junko Enoshima is described as simply "not fake", charismatic and eager to try new things. During her first appearances, she comes across slightly air-headed and hot-tempered. In the official artbook, she is described as a person who "drips with dissatisfaction the moment she opens her mouth" and tends to be in trouble with her classmates. She is also mentioned to be a bit too talkative with an overly carefree attitude. However, her real personality, revealed at the conclusion of the Killing School Life, is notably different: very apathetic and easily bored to an unhealthy and abnormal degree. Because of this, her behavior and mannerisms tended to be extremely erratic and unstable by her own autonomous design; keeping up one "appearance" for too long bores her, which causes her to often switch between different personas. However, she is capable of maintaining one persona for extended periods of time when necessary. Junko's "moods" included (but were not limited to) her Monokuma persona, sickening cuteness, severe depression, clinical sophistication, boisterous vulgarity, eerie stoicism, and haughty superiority.

Above all, Junko was deeply obsessed with despair, having found despair to be the most (and possibly the only) enjoyable emotion for her, whether it be inflicting despair unto others, or suffering from despair wholeheartedly. This made her extremely dangerous, as she wished to make the whole world feel absolute despair. However, this also often proved to be her biggest weakness, as she gave her opponents a "fair" chance to defeat her in order to make their despair all the greater if they fail, and happily welcomed her own despair if her plans failed. Junko herself have confirmed that she truly has no reason to do the things she does other than despair itself, which makes her all the more dangerous and unable to be reasoned with. However it is hinted at in the anime that her analytical talent was what caused her to turn to despair, and that Hope's Peak was her first target because they see talent as hope, and use that talent for their own benefit, which drove Junko to take the talent they loved so much and use it for evil, which shows her in a more understandable light. It's also shown that under her amnesiac state, Junko doesn't show a thirst for despair or particularly strong hatred of boredom, implying that her constant case of forgetfulness had spared her from embracing despair again.

Junko was shown to be highly intelligent, cunning, somewhat impulsive, extremely manipulative, and violent and cruel without remorse. She was a highly toxic individual, being both physically and mentally abusive to everyone around her. She manipulated people into falling madly in love with her and used their weaknesses, their despair, against them. Things like hope, peace, and happiness disgusted her, but she sometimes gave hope to others, only to turn it into greater despair later. She often manipulated people into doing bad things instead of directly doing them herself and then had a habit of blaming these manipulated people and claiming it wasn't her fault, as a part of proving her point that despair exists in everyone and that hope will naturally lose to that despair. While she is very skilled, Junko can also lie and cheat to further her own goals, even if it's hypocritical and goes against her beliefs. It should be noted that even though she claims despair is the great unknown, in the end, the road of despair went exactly the way she had planned. Despite that she can be cruel and abusive to some, Junko is actually capable of feeling love to those she's close with.

If you could sound similar to her English VA, Jamie Marchi, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Befitting of the Ultimate Moral Compass, Kiyotaka is righteous and values order and rules above all else. He takes his role as a student very seriously. He is shown to be very polite and respectful. He considers effort most important and he is a hard worker, believing that one can achieve anything through it. He also believes that people who are easily provoked to violence are cowards. Described as "enthusiastic to the point of being mad", Kiyotaka believes that every action must have a purpose and he absolutely hates wasting time. Fitting his talent, he often takes up and views himself as a leader, as seen when he organizes the morning meeting for the other students. However, he often isn't taken very seriously—due to his extreme dedication to studying and proper conduct, he could not even hold a "normal" conversation with another person. Furthermore, he is very expressive and intense in his manner of speech and is almost constantly shouting. Due to his lack of social skills, he often bursts out the first thing that comes to his mind and forces his values and beliefs on others, which he's aware of and feels guilty about. Possibly because of the lack of social interaction in his life, he can also be insensitive toward another at times

Nevertheless, Kiyotaka truly cares about his classmates. He is willing to take pragmatic approaches to avoid murder. Though he acts confidently and is quick to take the role of leadership, he suffers from low-self esteem at times and he is quite sensitive, sometimes crying very easily if he is shocked or touched by something. Inside, he wishes he could make friends and have someone to talk to, but he feels that he might be a nuisance to others, as he is stated to overreact to everything. Some of his other weaknesses appear to be his slight naivety and slow-wittedness, as he sometimes figures things out slower than the most other students and tricking him seems to be rather easy. One of his unique traits is also his belief that "when the body is naked, so is the soul", meaning that showing each other their naked bodies helps two men form mutual trust. Overall, Kiyotaka values bonds between men.

If you could sound similar to his English VA, Austin Tindle, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Kyoko is a stoic, intelligent, and mysterious girl who tends to hide her feelings. She has a calm demeanor and tends to be completely unfazed by most of the events that occur. At the beginning of the anime, Kyoko often keeps her distance from the other students while investigating. She plays major roles in solving mysteries of the culprits in Class Trials and is also one of very few students that see things objectively and doesn't jump to conclusions in the trial. She is very very sensitive regarding the subject about the Hope's Peak Academy's headmaster, going as far as to even lose her cool and react with anger sometimes. She also doesn't like it when people keep secrets from her. Behind Kyoko's stone-cold personality, she seems to easily get emotionally upset, which is masked by her strong will. Even under calm situations, she sometimes lets her emotions get the best of her. Furthermore, there are some moments that cause her to be visibly surprised. Kyoko says that her emotions work fine but she deliberately hides them to make herself really hard to read, but also to give others a calm and composed person to lean on.

If you could sound similar to her English VA, Caitlin Glass, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Leon is a passionate, hot-blooded young teenager. He often slacked off from studying and baseball practice; however, his baseball skills were never diminished due to his status as Ultimate Baseball Star. In fact, he hated to practice, seeing no point or enjoyment in it because he was already so talented. Due to his natural physical talent, he considered even very difficult and unusual feats easy and had some trouble empathizing with people who lacked such talent. Despite his talent, Leon claimed he strongly hated baseball and was very determined to change his current title to Ultimate Musician. He had a tendency to complain about the several things he found uncool and gross about baseball, often without any prompting from others. He was quite arrogant, often talking about his popularity and dreams of being even more famous, considering himself a 'future superstar'. Furthermore, he was quite bitter about how people constantly forced him to play baseball and follow the sport's traditions due to his natural talent, with his completely new goal and look appearing to be at least partially a form of rebellion.

However, in reality, Leon grew to miss baseball after not playing for a while, since he used to do it every day since he was young and it actually made him feel good. With all his talk about hating baseball, he was embarrassed to admit how he really felt and accused baseball of brainwashing him. He liked the idea of an all-new approach that is just for him, showing that he just disliked repetitiveness and other people deciding things for him. He was also strongly interested in girls and bragged about his great success with women to Makoto, asking him if he was jealous. He was always flirting with girls and he was single-mindedly focused on studying "the secret of success with the ladies". He appeared quite shallow, as he often only talked about how hot girls are, but he has also mentioned he's into pure-hearted girls. In the official artbook, Leon is described as an optimist who wants to get better at everything he does. However, during the main story, Leon was shown to be easily intimidated due to the killing game situation. When he became nervous or intimidated, Leon tended to smile awkwardly, often the right corner of his mouth stretching farther. He could also come across as easily offended and agitated.

If you could sound similar to his English VA, Justin Cook, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Behaving like a stereotypical delinquent, Mondo is foul-mouthed and can come off as a rude and an intimidating individual. He is very easy to provoke, and will not hesitate to resort to violence if he starts to lose his patience. Mondo has a severe complex about being seen as weak, which he represses by constantly repeating in his mind that he is strong. This complex stems from the fact that his gang members tended to look down on him due to his status as the little brother of Daiya, the first leader of The Crazy Diamonds. Mondo ultimately caused his brother's death in a street race by acting rash in oncoming traffic, prompting Daiya to save Mondo in exchange for his own life. Mondo states that he tends to be very nervous around girls that he likes, causing him to raise his voice and ultimately scare them away, something that has happened at least 10 times already. This potentially shows that Mondo is shy around new people and is unaware of how to relinquish his ruffian type personality while in calmer situations. Mondo has a soft spot for dogs and had one named Chuck during his childhood however he died at 9 years of age.

If you could sound similar to his English VA, Christopher Sabat, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Contrary to what her appearance might suggest, Sakura is a quiet, kind and level-headed girl. She rarely loses her nerve and seems able to maintain clarity in any situation. At times she can grow slightly annoyed and upset. During more rare moments, she can lose her temper completely and become terrifying to those around her, particularly when her friends get hurt. She also gets impatient if she cannot properly train for a long period of time. She is known for her love of protein and protein coffee and enjoying exercising early in the morning before a large breakfast. Due to her more old-fashioned upbringing, Sakura has a habit of talking in an old-fashioned, formal manner. Being raised as the sole heir to a dojo with a three-hundred-year history, she believes that being a martial artist is simply her destiny. Along with learning martial arts, she learned to respect nature and animals, being particularly fond of rabbits as they never seem to get frightened when she holds them.

Along with protecting her legacy as her sworn duty, Sakura wants to prove that a woman can be the Strongest Person Alive. She also believes that she must work harder than men to achieve this goal. As a result of striving to be strong, Sakura is embarrassed about her own softer feelings and being feminine, assuming that other people would laugh at her if they knew. However, she appeared to grow out of these insecurities after gaining real friends in high school. Despite her gentle nature, Sakura has trouble socializing with others due to her intimidating appearance and aloof nature. Because of this, she also has a somewhat poor knowledge of modern popular culture. Sakura greatly revered and respected her friendship with the other students of Class 78th, with them being her first real friends whom she trusted deeply.

If you could sound similar to her English VA, Rachel Robinson, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Sayaka has a cheerful, sweet, lighthearted, and supporting personality, expressing a kind demeanor and pleasant disposition, although it is unknown if this is only because of her status as an idol. Sayaka develops a bond with Makoto Naegi, whom she considers her friend, assisting him on every occasion she can. However, she tends to hide her feelings when she is under great pressure by putting on her public persona. She cares greatly for her band members, and would not hesitate to do something if anything were to happen to one of them, including things that could hurt others. When pushed to her limit, Sayaka will do anything to achieve the goals she sets out, however risky her actions may be. Sayaka mentions that she often finds herself focused on a particular person but pushes these thoughts out of her mind to commit herself further to her idol career. She has an amazing intuition, as she can easily tell what people are thinking. She often joked about being psychic, only to admit that she was kidding later on.

If you could sound similar to her English VA, Monica Rial, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Toko is intellectually gifted, yet she has problems in social behavior. It's been stated that she either never learned or never bothered to learn social skills. She even considers herself a 'gloomy outcast', often deciding to distance herself from others. Due to the constant bullying she faced as a child, Toko is highly suspicious of other people, frequently accusing them of thinking bad things about her. She expresses her opinions freely and extremely, which can come across as mean and often rubs people the wrong way, though she claims she is just being honest. She has an unusually quick tendency to self-victimize and she refuses to believe compliments from other people. She also is very self-conscious about her body and tends to think that other people consider her ugly. At times, she tries to appear as young as possible and she is paranoid that others might consider her "an old hag." However, she is also offended if her body is not considered attractive and adult-like.

In the anime, Toko can often be seen stalking Byakuya Togami, seeing him as the “ideal boyfriend," behaving submissively toward him and calling him "master." After the reveal of her alter, Genocide Jack, Toko's crush on Byakuya took on a more distinctively sexual undertone, and she was capable of neither proper judgment nor control over her perverse fantasies. Later on, it's confirmed that she's a masochist, though she also seems to have sadistic fantasies about Byakuya. Ironically, she has a tendency to scold other people for being indecent, sometimes with no good reason. Due to her paranoia, she easily assumes that boys have bad intentions if they wish to spend time alone with her.

Toko is also extremely afraid of blood and the dark due to very traumatic experiences. She also strongly dislikes bathing, to the point of fear, which might also be a result of an unknown trauma.

If you could sound similar to her English VA, Carli Mosier, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.

Yasuhiro is one of the more cheery, laid-back students, though a bit odd as well. However, he is generally not well-liked and he himself has openly admitted that he has no friends, being quite cowardly, lazy, slow-witted, and having a habit to act selfishly. Notably, he is mentioned to be very clumsy with money and he has constant problems with massive debts. He really hates it if someone compares his fortune-telling to the occult, frequently insisting that they are not the same. He is also afraid of ghosts and would freak out if such a subject comes up in a conversation. Yasuhiro is quite gullible, and at first acts laid-back about the killing game, thinking it's some sort of a prank. However, after realizing it is real, he turns much more panicky and he is generally considered useless by the other students. However, he does treat his fellow classmates with general friendliness. In English translations, he tends to call other people "dude". He has quite a cowardly personality and often attempts to trick other people to get rid of his massive debts. He also seems to possess a smarter, more cunning side despite regularly appearing slow-witted. Despite his many flaws, Yasuhiro does possess a good side.

If you could sound similar to his English VA, Christopher Bevins, that would be great, but it is not required!

I don't have any English VA examples as there is not many I can find on Youtube, so if you could try and match the dub voice, it would be great, but again, it is not necessary.